MATTER- Whatver occupies space, whatever we can see or touch is known as matter.
| sources | Source Info from late 1800's to early 1900's for simpler introductory understanding |
Earth, Water, Air are different forms of matter.
Portions of matter are refereed to as a Body. We refer to a body of water, the celestial body of the moon, a puff of smoke is a body of air, a rain drop, the earth, a soccer ball- these are all bodies of matter, the material things.
All matter, technically speaking, is ponderable, meaning it has weight. But there is also a term, imponderable matter, that has been applied to light, electricity, heat, magnetisim. Imponderable meaning without weight. In the mid 19th century, about the 1870’s, imponderable matter began to be seen as conditions of matter, as forces, and not actually matter.
Ponderable matter exists in three forms; Solid, Liquid, and Aeriform -having the form of air
SOLIDS- when particles* cohere* so tightly that they do not move around as seperate forms but instead as one form. An example is ice.
LIQUIDS - when particles cohere only slightly so that they can move around in the group of particle. This is water.
AERIFORM- matter is said to exist in this state when its particles repel each other, the particles move away from each other and spread out indefinitely. This is steam. Aëriform bodies are called Gases and Vapors.
BOTH Liquid and Aeriform bodies are grouped under the general name of Fluids. Both move and flow in similar a movement and this is termed as fluid.
Differences between solids and fluids
A solid body has a permanent shape. A fluid body will have the shape of that which is containing it, such a a glass contains water.
A solid could be moved by only moving a portion of its particles, such as a handle on a pitcher when grasped, can cause the whole pictcher to move. The particles of a fluid on the other hand, will not move as a whole, and so when we move some of them the rest detach and seperate by their own weight. When we pour water out of a pitcher we are able to pour only some and not all of the fluid together.
A solid body will resists when another form of matter comes up against it or tries to penetrate* it. A fluid matter however, may be easily divided or penetrated. We can jump into a pool of water and move through it, but it we hit a solid bottom in a pool we cannot penetrate through it. We chew up solid foods before swallowing, but when we swallow liquids we don’t chew.
Some forms of matter under specific conditions can transform or change from a solid to a liquid, such as ice, or from liquid to steam as water does when boiled.
Particle *tiny portions of matter, smaller than an atom
Cohere *stick together and form a whole
Penetrate * forcing a way into or through a thing
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